PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.